Cannabis use in Aotearoa/New Zealand is currently responsible for $911 million of health and social harm per year, including criminal convictions, mental illness, drug dependency, low educational achievement, and traffic accidents. M?ori are three times more likely to be convicted for minor cannabis offences, with associated lifetime negative impacts on employment, housing, travel, whanau, and risk of imprisonment. The 2020 cannabis referendum debate highlighted key gaps in evidence and lack of consensus regarding the effectiveness of policy reforms implemented overseas to address cannabis harms. The outcomes of these overseas reforms could provide valuable insights for Aotearoa/NZ?s policy response. However, overseas reforms and outcomes cannot simply be transferred to Aotearoa/NZ, but must be carefully translated and modelled to the Aotearoa/NZ context. In addition, any cannabis reforms must reflect the normative values of Aotearoa/NZ, particularly among those disproportionately harmed by the current prohibition approach, such as M?ori, and Pasifika. There is an emerging body of evaluation research and experience of the impacts of overseas cannabis reforms that could inform the debate in Aotearoa/NZ. The closeness of the recent referendum result (48.4% for, vs. 50.7% against) illustrates both interest in reform and the desire for more evidence about the consequences of different approaches.